r - Creating a new column in a data frame whose entries depend on multiple columns in a another data frame -

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i want make new column in data set values determined values in data set, it's not simple values in 1 column being function of values in other. here's example: 

 >df1         chromosome position 1              1        1 2              1        2 3              1        4 4              1        5 5              1        7 6              1       12 7              1       13 8              1       15 9              1       21 10             1       23 11             1       24 12             2        1 13             2        5 14             2        7 15             2        8 16             2       12 17             2       15 18             2       18 19             2       21 20             2       22

and

>df2   chromosome segment_start segment_end segment.number 1          1             1           5            1.1 2          1             6          20            1.2 3          1            21          25            1.3 4          2             1           7            2.1 5          2             8          16            2.2 6          2            18          22            2.3

i want make new column in df1 called 'segment', , value in segment determined segment (as determined 'segment_start', 'segment_end', , 'chromosome' df2) value in 'position' belongs to. example, in df1, row 7, position=13, , chromosome=1. because 13 between 6 , 20, entry in hypothetical 'segment' column 1.2, row 2 of df2, because 13 falls between segment_start , segment_end row (6 , 20, respectively), , 'chromosome' value df1 row 7 1, 'chromosome' in df2 row 2 1.

each row in df1 belongs 1 of segments described in df2; is, lies on same chromosome 1 of segments, , 'position' >=segment_start , <=segment_end. , want information df1, says segment each position belongs to.

i thinking of using if function, , started with:

if(df1$position>=df2$segment_start & df1$position<=df2$segment_end & df1$chromosome==df2$chromosome) df1$segment<-df2$segment.number

but not sure way feasible. if nothing else maybe code can illustrate i'm trying do. basically, want match each row position , chromosome segment in df2. thanks.

this appears rolling join. can use data.table this

require(data.table) dt1 <- data.table(df1, key = c('chromosome','position')) dt2 <- data.table(df2, key = c('chromosome','section_start')) # perform join want (but retain  # columns names names of dt2) # dt2[dt1, roll=true] # why have renamed , subset here)  dt2[dt1, roll=true][ ,list(chromosome,position = segment_start,segment.number)] #     chromosome position segment.number # 1:           1        1            1.1 # 2:           1        2            1.1 # 3:           1        4            1.1 # 4:           1        5            1.1 # 5:           1        7            1.2 # 6:           1       12            1.2 # 7:           1       13            1.2 # 8:           1       15            1.2 # 9:           1       21            1.3 # 10:          1       23            1.3 # 11:          1       24            1.3 # 12:          2        1            2.1 # 13:          2        5            2.1 # 14:          2        7            2.1 # 15:          2        8            2.2 # 16:          2       12            2.2 # 17:          2       15            2.2 # 18:          2       18            2.3 # 19:          2       21            2.3 # 20:          2       22            2.3

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